Random digit dialing (RDD) phone surveys are facing considerable challenges. While substantial research alleviates many of these problems, the costs associated with RDD surveys remain high and response rates remain low. The use of Internet panels affords a more cost-effective alternative survey and sampling strategy. While initially criticized for considerable coverage bias and the lack of a probablity-based sampling mechanism, substantial research in this area has begun to alleviate these problems as well. However, the role of Internet panels in population health surveillance is not yet clear. We present the design and results of a pilot study investigating the use of Internet panel surveys for behavioral health surveillance. The pilot study was conducted in four states and Metropolitan Statistical Areas within these states. We will present comparative analyses that assess the advantages and disadvantages of different Internet sampling methodologies across a range of parameters including cost, geography, timeliness, usability, and ease of use for technology transfer to states and local communities.